DIABETES CARE
Diabetes Testing and Treatment
We combine blood glucose and HbA1c with additional testing when needed, then select treatment after reviewing insulin function, kidney health, weight, age and other conditions.
Medically reviewed by Koshiro Nishimoto, MD, PhD (Director)Updated September 8, 2026
How diabetes is diagnosed
A diagnosis is based on established criteria using plasma glucose, HbA1c, symptoms and repeat testing when required. HbA1c alone does not always establish a diagnosis.
- Fasting plasma glucose
- Random or post-load plasma glucose
- HbA1c
- Symptoms and previous laboratory results
75-g oral glucose tolerance test
When diabetes is suspected but not yet confirmed, or when borderline glucose values need clarification, we may perform a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). It is not required for every patient.
Insulin secretion and insulin resistance
When clinically useful, insulin and C-peptide are measured. HOMA-β, HOMA-IR and the early insulin response during OGTT may help interpret insulin secretion and resistance. These values are considered together with age, body size, kidney function and current medication.
Treatment
Nutrition, physical activity and medication are combined for the individual patient. Age, hypoglycemia risk, weight, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and personal goals all influence treatment choices.
Complications and aggregate clinic statistics
Diabetes care includes assessment of kidney, eye, nerve and vascular complications. Our published statistics are anonymized aggregates from selected patients tested at this clinic; they do not represent every patient or the general population and cannot be used for individual diagnosis.
CONTACT
Questions or appointments
English consultations are available. Please call us if you need help choosing the appropriate service.